Analysis of Unified Modelling Language

Examination of Unified Modeling Language Section 1: Introduction Setting of the Problem The Unified Modeling Language is a graphical demonstrating language utilized for the representation, determination, development, and documentation of item situated programming frameworks. It has been received by the Object Management Group (OMG) and is generally acknowledged as a standard in industry and examination. The UML gives thirteen kinds of outlines to various reason. This proposition centers around arrangement and class chart known as structure outline and conduct graph. Succession structures focus on the introduction of dynamic parts of a product framework, and class shapes the basic perspective on programming framework. Arrangement charts pressure time requesting while Class center around static. In Model-driven Architecture (MDA), class graph is the hotspot for code age in object-situated turn of events (Pender, 2003), so how to outline we find in the cooperation chart back to class graph become a significant subject on the off chance that we need to create framework from conduct perspective at first. There are some current moderately humble device bolsters abusing the coherent conditions of UML graphs. A few frameworks keep up technique records across class outlines and arrangement charts and the change between grouping graphs and coordinated effort graphs. Be that as it may, these days, the two charts that succession and Class are draw isolated and can not be changed between one another. What's more, there is no thorough structure that would bolster such instruments all through these two outline types in a precise manner (Selonen et al., 2003). That burn through much an ideal opportunity to keep up framework and frequently make the framework advancement records should revamp over and over. To take care of these issues, a change hypothesis which proposed by Selonen et al. (2003) is refered to in this paper. Selonen et al. (2003) propose a system and classify important change tasks between various graph types in UML. These tasks can be utilized, for instance, for model checking, consolidating, cutting and amalgamation (Selonen et al., 2003). The change activity can be utilized as a premise of hardware support in UML-based displaying apparatuses. With these activities, we can get the advantages as follows: Class Diagram gets simpler and quicker to make since they can be accomplished as consequences of robotized tasks. Class Diagram turns out to be increasingly predictable and right since they are either delivered or refreshed naturally, or checked against one another abusing the change tasks. Improve the product advancement process. The procedure of dexterous displaying become from use case to succession chart and afterward meant class outline. It will be all the more just and proficiency. Exploration Question and sub-questions How does the change among arrangement and Class outlines make frameworks simpler to create and keep up and evade framework advancement archives to be reworked constantly? What are meta-demonstrating, Meta Object Facility and Object Constraint language? How to work the change? How accomplishes the change work in reality (Examples)? Essentialness of the Study Succession charts give a characteristic and simple mode for structuring the instances of regular unique associations of items, frequently as refined portrayals of utilization cases. In the wake of demonstrating instances of associations, the planner should include the data inferred by the grouping outlines to the static view (class graphs), or watch that the static view adjusts to the arrangement charts (Selonen et al., 2000). The succession outline and class chart got from a similar use case and can not be changed between one another. This paper examines a specific UML change activity referenced in (Selonen et al., 2003), which changes from a succession graph into a class outline. The change activity depends on the UML 2.0 Specification (OMG, 2003), which characterizes the language structure and semantics of UML. The proposal characterizes the principles on the periods of this change activity and gives a change guide to show the aftereffect of change. This paper will focus on the calculated exploration of UML semantics, and don't focus on any advancement instrument. Notwithstanding, OCL will be utilized to portray the change rules and trusted can be utilized in UML-based displaying devices advancement. I trust that the means of displaying will improve; Support for combining another class chart from a current grouping graph can give huge assistance to the architect. Such combination activity enables the originator to keep the two charts steady in light of the fact that the orchestrated class graph can be contrasted and existing class outline. The change activity additionally accelerates the structure procedure, and to diminish the danger of human blunders. In UML CASE apparatus sellers can actualize this change activity in their devices to get the advantages portrayed previously. Examination Design and Methodology The convention for this examination venture is generally utilizing subjective by structure. A Case study will be utilized as the most significant a system of exploration approach in the examination. The exploration procedure comprises of six stages. It gathers and investigation the records and papers which are comparing to the UML change proposition, OCL and MDA change hypothesis. At that point proposing a change structure for change from grouping graph to class chart and finishing up change mapping rules. This paper will affirm and update the change mapping rules by means of execute a genuine instance of lithe displaying advancement process. Lastly proposing the examination result, and talk about the end and future work. Association of the Study Section 1: Introduction Section one presents the exploration. This part will introduce the setting of the issue, the difficult proclamation, the principle research question, the hugeness of the examination, and the exploration technique used to address the fundamental examination question. Section 2: Review of the Literature Section two gives a review of the foundation writing for the proposal. Section 3: Meta-displaying, Meta Object Facility and Object Constraint language Part three will give the short presentation of UML, MDA, meta-model, change and OCL are depicted from the start, followed are the different meta-models of succession and class outline. Part 4: Operation of the Transformation Part four will propose a system of change from Sequence graph to Class chart. Additionally, a standard will be characterized on each period of change, utilizing OCL to depict change rules. Part 5: Example of the Translations Part five will be chipping away at a Case Study, and showing the change for a genuine case in reality. Section 6: Conclusion Section six will introduce the summery and end. Section 2: Review of Literature 2.1 UML The unpredictability in programming improvement procedure of getting from a lot of necessities to a legitimate deliberation of the arrangement drives individuals to create models. A model is an improvement of something so we can see, control, and reason about it, thus assist us with understanding the multifaceted nature intrinsic in the subject under examination (Mellor et al., 2004). The UML is a group of graphical documentations, sponsored by single meta-model, that help in portraying and planning programming frameworks, especially programming frameworks fabricated utilizing the article arranged (OO) style (Fowler, 2003). The Unified Modeling Language (UML), since embraced as a norm (UML 1.1) by OMG in 1997, has gotten a generally acknowledged as standard for demonstrating a product framework. The most recent UML rendition 2.0 has been officially received in June 2003, and it will be applied all through this proposal. UML 2 portrays 13 authority outline types which fall in two classifications relying upon whether they depict basic or social parts of a product framework. The UML can catch a variety of procedures and structures which identified with business and programming. UML has such force that a modeler can utilize it for the general design of any development that has both a static structure and dynamic conduct. A task can depend on UML as the standard language to communicate necessities, framework plan, organization directions, and code structure (Eriksson et al., 2004). 2.2 Agile Modeling Experiment displaying and a developmental methodology are two significant and firmly related strategies to demonstrate change (Rumpe, 2004). UML these days has become mainstream displaying language for programming escalated frameworks utilized. Models can be utilized for an assortment of purposes. One bit of leeway of utilizing models for experiment portrayal is the application explicit parts which are displayed with UML-outlines, for example, association with systems, mistake taking care of, steadiness, or correspondence are taken care of by the defined code generator (Rumpe, 2004). This permits us to create models which can be free of any innovation or stage, for example, PIM. At the point when the innovation transforms, we just need to refresh the generator, and the application characterizing models can straightforwardly be reused. This idea likewise straightforwardly bolsters the previously mentioned MDA-Approach (OMG, 2005) of the OMG. Another significant legitimacy is that both of the creation code and naturally executable tests are displayed by the equivalent UML graphs. Subsequently designers could utilize a solitary homogeneous language to depict execution and tests. This will upgrade the accessibility of tests toward the start of the coding exercises. Comparably to the â€Å"test first approach† (Beck, 2001), succession graphs are utilized for experiments and can be taken from the recently demonstrated prerequisites. At the point when we start programming displaying by attracting classes a class graph doesn't mean we are building up a class model. Rather, we are building up a product model by characterizing static perspectives through a static view. In the event that we start our advancement by drawing a powerful chart, similar to the state or grouping graph, we a

Top 10 Resources About College Graduate Resume Writing

Top 10 Resources About College Graduate Resume Writing Which is increasingly troublesome †enduring school or composing the resume once initiation is behind you? Despite the fact that youve spent the previous not many years composing papers each time you pivot, when you plunk down to set up your first post graduate resume, odds are youll wind up with the most serious instance of a temporarily uncooperative mind youve ever had. In the event that it is the situation you may need to get to know our bit by bit direct on composing resume. Expounding on yourself and your scholarly achievements for a resume can be troublesome, yet there are some extraordinary assets out there that can help make it much simpler. Yale Undergraduate Career Services You might not have scored an Ivy League instruction, however you can at present have a resume that appears as though you did. The Yale Undergraduate Career Services site is an astonishing asset loaded up with tips and deceives for everything from making that resume to acing the meeting. With workshops, recordings and tips on designing, the aces at Yale can assist you with creating an astonishing resume that will get you took note. Their resume composing tips center for the most part around arranging rules and the most ideal way t sort out your data. Site Top Tip: Make sure your resume can be perused on PCs, tablets and cell phones †no one can tell how the official you need to dazzle gets to their messages. ocs.yale.edu Graduate to Great The Grad to Great site presents guidance on continue composing for late alumni who dont realize where to start. The sites gives test layouts of the three top resume styles that you can download and change to accommodate your own style. They likewise give a huge number of work and systems administration assets and you can tail them on Twitter for a day by day bump. Site Top Tip: Get simple with a resume that highlights a lot of void area, strong realities about your accomplishments and an expert methodology. gradtogreat.com Beast Obviously, on the off chance that you need to find a new line of work it assists with hitting the activity organizing sites, and Monster has become the King of the Hill. Beast gives more than national employment postings, however, they likewise offer up various accommodating articles and instructional exercises for late alumni just as the individuals who have been in the game for a considerable length of time. Site Top Tip: Break liberated from the customary ordered configuration if youre simply coming out of school. Utilize a progressively present day position that attempts to feature your scholarly, municipal and network accomplishments if youre lacking on true professional training. profession advice.monster.com School Grad The College Grad site looks truly essential from the start, yet dont let its shortsighted style delude you. The College Grad site packs in a lot of substance †from free resume wizards to tests you can download and make your own. They likewise offer specific tips for video or innovative resumes for graduates investigating positions in the imaginative expressions or who simply need to stand apart from the group. Site Top Tip: Treat yourself like an item and it can make it simpler to compose a resume that centers around selling you viably. collegegrad.com School Central School Central fills in as a center associating school graduates with bosses looking to effectively recruit. They additionally give content that centers both around continue composing and systems administration notwithstanding tips on getting an advancement and benefiting as much as possible from your position once you land the activity. Site Top Tip: Build associations with managers, colleagues and any other person you come into contact with from the moment you stroll through the entryway on a meeting. Make yourself at home and your questioner will be better ready to envision you there. collegecentral.com Resume-Help.Org Resume-Help is another stripped down site that exemplifies the substance over style reasoning. Their basic and tidy site presents layouts, tests and tips on arranging that can assist you with creating a basic however incredible resume regardless of what field youre in. Site Top Tip: Be explicit about your achievements. Rather than referencing that you functioned as a chief, notice what number of individuals you oversaw or the benefits the organization experienced during that time. continue help.org IMDiversity The IMDiversity site offers a path for bosses and contender to interface on an unheard of level. They center fundamentally around late alumni just as decent variety, thus the name. IMDiversity is particularly useful for understudies who concentrated chiefly on their scholastics thus might not have the work experience they think they need. Site Top Tip: When building up your resume, utilize charitable effort, board understanding and other social or city obligations to feature understanding and capacities if youre shy of genuine professional training. imdiversity.com New Grad Life New Grad Life covers everything ongoing alumni need to think about moving toward the profession advertise, self advancement and nailing the meeting. They likewise extend to some employment opportunity postings, however their positions arent as changed as some different sites. Their resume help, be that as it may, centers around the most up to date approaches to showcase yourself, including how to make an online resume pop. Site Top Tip: When setting up an online resume or portfolio use document sharing frameworks, your own blog, RSS Feeds and other web insightful applications to show what you can do over various stages. newgradlife.blogspot.com Experience As their name suggests, the Experience site is tied in with getting the experience you need so as to get the profession you need. Their profession assist covers with initialing resume building, talk with abilities and tips on entry level positions and proceeding with training. Site Top Tip: While imagination is significant, dont barrage potential businesses with something over the top. Keep resumes and portfolios perfect, adapted and smoothed out so as to have the greatest effect. experience.com Theres likewise one site we didnt notice, think about what's going on here? Its EssayTigers! Weve finished a few articles on composing resume for undergrads, including essential resume rules and how to compose continue with no professional training. One all the more method to find support from us is to approach our expert journalists for help!

Animals and Humans

Creatures and Humans It might be that a few people are careless, yet people are viewed as â€Å"beastly,† while creatures are being considered â€Å"better. † Many thoughts can pave the way to these presumptions; a large number of these thoughts can be contested. Steadfastness can be an immense driving reason to these suspicions. Creatures (residential) are quite often steadfast and most people can’t appear to be faithful if their life relied upon it. Creatures are not in every case better and people aren’t in every case brutal, yet that is the way the vast majority will see it. Creatures are superior to people at times; generally loyalty.When one successes an animal’s dependability, that creature is faithful consistently. Dependability given is a valuable item. One thing I do know is that a canine will train a human what genuine devotion is about. There have been numerous tales about mutts looking out for a considerable length of time after their l ord is perished. The sound of a vehicle pulling up in the garage will send the dog’s ears livening up and their tails swaying; at any rate for some time. The canine will even now consistently be anticipating their lord, however when the pooch understands that their lord is failing to come home the creature will act in an unexpected way; the canine demonstrations depressed.The one completely unselfish companion that man can have in this world, the one that never deserts him, the one that never demonstrates careless or slippery, is his pooch. Dedication is a wide term which might be appropriate if there should be an occurrence of one's family, territory or the nation. A faithful individual is prepared to forfeit even his own life for his lord, companion, relative or the nation. A dependable individual bears an ethical character, genuine standpoint, and trained habits. There are bunches of steadfast individuals on the planet; steadfastness shapes the premise of human character. A genuinely steadfast man can't be paid off or enticed to veer off from his own path.If there is ever an opportunity that a creature isn't faithful, which there is, it’s likely due to disregard by a proprietor. The creature may have been beaten, or have been assaulted by another creature; additionally, starvation which can be connected to disregard. Disregard can make harm the creature and cause the creature to begin attempting to deal with itself, likely instructing itself to endure. Creatures will do what they need to do to endure; if that implies assaulting and eating another creature for food, it will. Disregard and surrender from a human cause’s creature to act unfaithful, which I don’t think makes the creature terrible, it is just attempting to survive.Humans are not extremely steadfast at all. For one to be faithful they should be totally solid and realize what is correct. It is hard to track down individuals like that any longer. Individuals will do what ever they can to hurt somebody. A few people will draw near to somebody just to take something; or even to take their companion. Individuals trust in others and reveal to them things, however not every person will hush up about the person’s insider facts like they guaranteed. That’s called being backstabbing and individuals submit it constantly. Creatures are viewed as brutal on the grounds that they at times assault individuals and other animals.A part of times pit bulls are picked at as one of the most savage mutts; for a fact, they’re truly outstanding and adoring creatures. At the point when a creature assaults a person it is normally on the grounds that the human is treating the creature gravely. A creature just doesn’t stroll around searching for a human to assault. People frequently do; they will need to battle somebody so terrible that they will go searching for that individual. People are considered â€Å"beastly,† exceptionally horrible, noxious, and I can sincerely say that I get why. Individuals are mean, barbarous, pernicious, and they extremely just don’t care about different people’s feelings.Humans can torment somebody and approve of it; double-cross individuals without a consideration; lose trust very quickly; talk terrible about their purported â€Å"best friend†; even untruth directly to someone’s face. On the off chance that that’s not thought about savage, at that point who comprehends what is. The most exceedingly awful thing a dependable creature could do to their lord is play excessively unpleasant or hop on one with mud on their paws. What do people do when the canine nibbles or gets mud on their garments? A human will smack the damnation out of a pooch. They leave the canine frightened humiliated in light of the fact that the pooch doesn’t comprehend what they did wrong.Of course, not every person will treat their creature that way. A few creatures resemble t he people child. These people won't hurt their creatures or give the creature any motivation to be frightened, other than possibly stepping on them if the creature strolls between their legs. Despite the fact that the canine gets stepped on it won't chomp the hellfire out of their proprietor. Most people won't go a day without food however they will drive their creatures in the patio to starve. The creatures must choose the option to starve except if they will eat soil or the grass out back.Humans can give creatures their extras, yet they normally don’t even really think about that. Contrasts among people and creatures are considerably more than language. Man has through and through freedom. Creatures follow up on nature. Creatures don't have a feeling of self, however people do. Man can conceptualize; creatures don't as prove on numerous occasions. Man engages in sexual relations for delight; creatures don't except for dolphins. This has been demonstrated consistently. Creat ures don't kill out of desire or avarice, however with regards to youthful and domain, and on impulse alone, not premeditation.When people get frantic at one another they don’t brush it off like how two creatures would. People hold the resentment for quite a while, though, hounds don’t have that feeling. One moment the mutts are growling at one another to and fro the following moment they are blowing all through their noses enthusiastically to play. At the point when a human loves a creature it truly is love, not love like for a life partner, yet an authentic inclination. At the point when the creature and human are separated for some time and they meet again both are loaded up with delight and bliss. This is an excellent thing in light of the fact that so frequently it doesn’t happen like that.You can see the energy in the creature and the human. â€Å"Animals can give that practically human look† like Alice Walker clarifies in her paper, â€Å"Am I Blu e? † (279). Creatures and people will consistently have immense contrasts, since they aren’t the equivalent. Being a human doesn't give you the option to be savage. People are required to be acceptable, while creatures are relied upon to be brutal in light of the fact that they’re creatures. It has become obvious that it is a remarkable inverse and I’m sure that’s not how things should be, however it will perpetually remain that way. We youngsters were constantly cautioned not to hurt the frogs or the amphibians. † (Silko 380) The bygone era individuals told their kids that, but at this point in this day, there are more regrettable things going on like the beating and disregard of creatures by the savage humans.Works Cited Silko, Leslie Marmon. â€Å"Yellow Woman and a Beauty of the Spirit. † The McGraw-Hill Reader: Issues over the Disciplines. Ed. Gilbert H. Muller. eleventh ed. New York: 2011. McGraw-Hill, 2011. 375-382. Print. Walker , Alice. â€Å"Am I Blue? † The McGraw-Hill Reader: Issues over the Disciplines. Ed. Gilbert H. Muller. eleventh ed. New York: 2011. McGraw-Hill, 2011. 756-761. Print.

Metz’s Understanding of Historical Consciousness - 275 Words

Metz's Understanding of Historical Consciousness (Essay Sample) Content: Name CourseTutorDate Metzs understanding of historical consciousness In the events surrounding the Hurricane Katrina, many people around Gulf coast were faced by sufferings, due to the destruction that happened. This is a historical event that has forever remained in the memories of the deceased and those who were affected by the event. In this event, many people suffered and compassion was seen in groups of Christians who came to rescue and help those who were affected by the event. A lot of Christians were seen travelling and participating in the rebuilding of the New Orleans (William 14655). There were questions of faith in this hurricane Katrina event since theologies contributed on harm and suffering rather than fostering healing to the event. In Metzs understanding, Christians allow themselves to be interrupted by the suffering of others. In this event, most Christians allowed themselves to be interrupted by the suffering of others in trying to show their compas sion to the victims of suffering. This memory of human suffering brings personal and political consequences to them. Christian spirituality is radically apocalyptic since they focus so much on the future of the suffering and the useless of the earth. Political domination and social power have continuously justified themselves in light of Christian recollection of suffering. There is a kind of memory that acknowledges the reality in the suffering of human. As Metzs calls them, dangerous memories this is because they interrupt the way things are by revealing the dangerous and new insights for the present. This is the kind of memory that Christians have, which does not only let them focus on the events that happened but also focusing... Metz’s Understanding of Historical Consciousness - 275 Words Metz's Understanding of Historical Consciousness (Essay Sample) Content: Name CourseTutorDate Metzs understanding of historical consciousness In the events surrounding the Hurricane Katrina, many people around Gulf coast were faced by sufferings, due to the destruction that happened. This is a historical event that has forever remained in the memories of the deceased and those who were affected by the event. In this event, many people suffered and compassion was seen in groups of Christians who came to rescue and help those who were affected by the event. A lot of Christians were seen travelling and participating in the rebuilding of the New Orleans (William 14655). There were questions of faith in this hurricane Katrina event since theologies contributed on harm and suffering rather than fostering healing to the event. In Metzs understanding, Christians allow themselves to be interrupted by the suffering of others. In this event, most Christians allowed themselves to be interrupted by the suffering of others in trying to show their compas sion to the victims of suffering. This memory of human suffering brings personal and political consequences to them. Christian spirituality is radically apocalyptic since they focus so much on the future of the suffering and the useless of the earth. Political domination and social power have continuously justified themselves in light of Christian recollection of suffering. There is a kind of memory that acknowledges the reality in the suffering of human. As Metzs calls them, dangerous memories this is because they interrupt the way things are by revealing the dangerous and new insights for the present. This is the kind of memory that Christians have, which does not only let them focus on the events that happened but also focusing...

Keeping The Cold And Flu Bugs At Bey - 1927 Words

Winter is a time of fun in the snow, hot chocolate, and resting by a warm fire. It is also a time for viruses to run a muck. The following are a few tips to help keep the cold and flu bugs at bey. 1. Wash your hands frequently. This is a commonly known virus fighter. Anything we touch has been touched by others who might be carrying a virus. Frequent hand washing can keep us from allowing these germs to enter our bodies. 2. Crack a window in your house for a few hours a day. One of the reasons a house gets sick during the winter is because the germs have no where to go. They get into the ventilation and circulate through the house with no outlet. Cracking a window in a different room of the house a little while each day can give the†¦show more content†¦8. Drink your herb tea. Echinacea tea has properties to shorten the common cold and flu It is also recommended to boost the immune system and fight infections. 9. Keep your hands away from your nose and eyes. Touching your eyes and your nose can give any virus your hands may have touched a quick route into your bloodstream. 10. Eat spicy foods. Eating spicy foods can help to clear the sinuses and give you a bit of relief if you are unlucky enough to have caught a cold. Certain spices can also shorten the length and severity of the cold. Since I have reached what many call Middle Age, I am more conscious about my health as well as my diet then ever before. I believe in eating healthy, after all our bodies are not designed to process any old junk. My problem is defining what healthy eating really is? After putting Healthy Diet in my Google search engine and getting over 25 million results, all claiming to have the answer I decided to do my own research. I chose to look at the oldest people I know to see if there were any common traits among them. The oldest being just a few months shy of her 100th birthday and the others in their eighties and nineties. Now even though I am by no means a health expert or would I say my research was even close to being accurate or scientific, I did find out what I believe are the two most important factors to living a long life. Before we move on to them though first let me tell you that not

Analysis of Giovanni Francesco Guerrieris Judith with...

Artistic interpretation: Giovanni Francesco Guerrieris Judith With the Head of Holofernes Giovanni Francesco Guerrieris oil painting Judith With the Head of Holofernes (1626) depicts the Biblical heroine dressed in Renaissance-style clothing. She has impassive, beautiful face. Judith has long, flowing blonde hair, pale blue eyes, and the neckline of her dress is modest. Judith looks slightly pregnant because of the folds of her gown. The sleeves of her dress are large, pink, and puffy, further contributing to her feminine appearance, as does her small, dangling earrings. In one hand, the beautiful woman holds the beheaded face of Holofernes. Holofernes eyes are closed and he has a snarled, scraggly beard. His face is pale and ashen and blends into the background. The dead mans face is a stark contrast to Judiths beauty. In the opposite hand Judith holds a sword. Although her hand has a golden, delicate bracelet, her arm is clenching the sword in a strong, muscular fashion and the sword is not in its scabbard, suggesting that Judith is still a vital, active warrior. Judith is speaking to a man (or perhaps a woman) with a covered head. The figure is much older than Judith, and looks at her with wonderment, his long nose crinkled with horror. Judith looks at him, not at the viewer. Although she is an idealized figure, she is fully involved with the scene. The scene is realistically depicted in the sense that it is not an abstract work of art like a Picasso, but it

Communication Marketing Management Digital -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Communication Marketing Management Digital? Answer: Introducation Novotel hotel is a premier beach hotel with 4-star accommodation facilities and it is a part of Accor Hotels Group. Novotel Hotel is situated in more than 60 countries with approximately 400 hotels and resorts. The first hotel under the name Novotel was established in 1967 in Lille Lesquin, France. Its headquarters is situated in Evry, France and approximately 30, 000 employees are working with this hotel across the globe. Organization has now decided to expand its operations and for the same, they had chosen the St. Kilda beachside location in order to expand their hotel business. This location has been chosen with the motive to attract the families to spend their vacations, for weekend trips as well as for the business class people as they are famous in providing leisured experience in business meetings and conferences. St Kilda location is surrounded by beach and with the finest locations of the city which helps the organization to attract large segment of audience in order to inc rease their turnover along with gaining the competitive advantage. Primary objective of setting up the hotel at the beachside is to provide the travellers sea view, relax and enriched experience along with various adventurous and entertainment related facilities. Staying at the beach side helps the people to reduce the stress level and along with this, it also helps them to gain unique peaceful and relaxing experience which helps the travellers to feel positive about the location. With the help of Novotel St Kilda, organization will be able to uplift its performance in the market along with gaining adequate competitive advantage in the target market. Apart from this, it is also necessary for the objective to increase the goodwill and brand value of the organization in Melbourne. With the help of Novotel St Kilda, organization will be able to attain its desired goals and the objectives (Novotel Hotels Resorts, 2018). Research methods This report is completed with the help of data collected from both resources i.e. primary as well as secondary source of research method. With the help of these methods, organization has gained the adequate information through which the accomplishment of the desired goals could easily be done. Primary research method includes two sources i.e. qualitative data and the quantitative data. Qualitative data helps the organization to gain the information in relevance with the demand of the product, scope of setting up the image of the brand in the target market. This includes surveys, feedback forms, interview sessions, and the like. With the help of these methods, organization will be able to gain statistical data in relevance with the customers feedbacks and their reviews. With this data, organization could launch the product or service in the target market along with making certain required amendments on the basis of target audiences requirements. This method also provides the relevant information with regards to the strategies used by the competitors and the products and services rendered and delivered by them to the target audience. With these types of data, organization could easily uplift its performance along with the gaining the competitive advantage through implementing unique and advanced strategies (Schroder, Mackaness Gittings, 2011). Further, quantities research method will help the Novotel Hotel to gain the knowledge in relevance with the customers favourability towards the hotels services and products. This will help the company to understand the effectiveness of their services and unique suggestions are also obtained from this type of research method which could be used for increasing the effectiveness of the services as well as to enhance the efficiency of the hotel in the competitive business environment (Liamputtong, 2013). Secondary research method includes the tools such as journals, articles, books, newspaper, and all other sources which provide adequate information. From these sources, organization could easily obtain information with regards to its competitors strategies, products and services delivered by them as well as the external environmental conditions. This information could be used for developing and adopting the strategies with the motive to gain the competitive advantage along with setting up the effective position in the target market (Bryman Bell, 2015). Current value analysis Value analysis is useful for the organizations in order to develop an effective brand image in the target market along with development of positive image in the international hotel industry. To establish the brand image, organization is required to examine the external business environmental conditions of the target market. With the help of this analysis, organization will be able to develop and adopt certain advanced strategies through which appropriate image could be developed in the target market. Value proposition of the Novotel Hotel are providing luxurious services to its target audience along with the development of an effective image amongst them. Novotel hotel provides accommodation facilities, food facilities and they also offer unique services such as pick and drop to its target audience. Along with this, they had positive image in the global hotel industry, they could also utilise the same while setting up the Novotel St Kilda. Apart from this, value analysis identifies t he position of the firm in the target market with various research methods available. In this report, mixture of primary and secondary research methods has been used to determine the position of the organization. With the help of this evaluation, organization has been able to identify and develop the crucial set of strategies which could help the Novotel group of hotels to set up Novotel St Kilda with the motive to provide leisured experience to its premium and other segment of audience (Clemes, Gan Ren, 2011). In order to enhance the demand of the hotel and its services in the target market, organization needs to adopt several strategies such as effective promotional and advertisement strategies. Along with these strategies, organization could use its official website for spreading awareness amongst its target and potential audience. This will help them to enhance the demand of the services introduced by the Novotel St Kilda hotel. Online booking facility should also be provided to the target audience through which organization would be able to cope up with its requirements along with the attainment of the desired goals and the objectives would also become an easier task. Novotel St Kilda hotel will also help the Australian economy in order to uplift the GDP rate which will ultimately increase the growth rate of the organization. It can be analysed that the purchasing power of Australians is quite high and it helps them to gain the experience of luxurious as well expensive services. This f actor could be utilised in an effective manner with the motive to uplift the organizational performance in the competitive business environment. The unique services provided the Novotel Hotel in Melbourne is the beachside view along with the stress free stay along with various unique activities which could help the audience to make the stay of its travellers leisured and memorable (Kang, Stein, Heo Lee, 2012). Apart from this, the Novotel group of hotels is majorly known for providing unique services to the business class people. It is expected to be one of the finest locations with the perfect escape for the business class and leisure travellers people. The Novatel St Kilda hotel will be established at the beach end which will help the hotel to increase its attractiveness. Along with this, it will also help the organization to gain large number of target audience along with the premium segment of the target market. Novotel Hotel is also known for providing healthy and safe staying environment which acts as the biggest strength as well as it helps the organization to develop a positive perception amongst the travellers and guests of the hotel. With this, they are also famous for using the high quality resources to increase the effectiveness of the hotels products and services. This factor will lead the organization to develop a strong position in the target market along with gaining adequa te competitive advantage. Along with these attractions, organization also focuses over discount and providing attractive offers strategy in terms to increase the revenues as well as to increase the brand name of the hotel in the target market. All offer and discount related list is being provided at the hotels official website along with this, for spreading the awareness amongst the public, marketing team of the hotel also uses the board hoardings and giving advertisement over television and other digital platforms (Tajeddini Trueman, 2012). Value position framework This framework consist various attributes through which the customers values in relevance with the products features and usefulness could be identified and evaluated. These are economic value, emotional value, functional value, and symbolic value and end value. Economic value for the customer describes that the money spent by the consumers should be equivalent to the satisfaction obtained from the consumption of particular product or service (Huang Sarigll, 2014). Emotional value describes that the attachment of the consumers towards the company and this could be measured by the frequent visit by the consumers in the hotel. Another value is functional value which says that the services provided by the organization are unique and those could not be found anywhere else. This aspect plays crucial role in terms to gain the competitive advantage in the target market. The last value relates to the consumers perceptions are symbolic value and it denotes to the corporate social responsibili ty fulfilled by the organization through rendering and delivering of the products and services (Shaw, Bailey Williams, 2011). Marketing promotion plan The primary objective of marketing promotion plan is to promote the companys products and services in the target market with the view to gain the desired position as well as to establish a strong position in the target market. Along with this, it is also beneficial in terms of uplifting the performance and it could be done with the help of various methods such as promotional campaigns, board hoardings and through other marketing activities (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker Brennan, 2015). Following are certain objectives of the organization which needs to be accomplished through setting up the Novotel St Kilda at the beach side: Attainment of the assumed goals and the objectives on the basis of managements expectations. Increasing the revenue of the organization from the Novotel St Kilda hotel by 15% approximately (Helm Gritsch, 2014). Setting up an effective image and developing the effective brand image in the target market. Covering the large part of the target market in the certain period of time with the view to ascertain the growth and expansion opportunities (Lee Kotler, 2011). Target market Target market for Novotel group of hotels is Melbourne currently and this city has been selected with the view to increase the global presence of the hotel along with reviewing the demand of the luxurious hotels over there. Along with the whole city, their primary market segment is the premium consumers who love to experience the leisured travelling and the business class people. In order to attract its target market audience, organization has decided to showcase the unique features and the capabilities of the Novotel St Kilda Hotel. Elements of promotional mix Promotional mix tools are effective in relevance with spreading awareness amongst the target audience. This tool is also essential for communicating with its target audience along with the spreading awareness in relevance with the promotions and the offers provided by the organization. For communicating with its target audience, organization uses various campaigns such as email marketing, direct selling, and the like. These strategies could also be utilised for promoting the products and services of the organization (Powers Loyka, 2010). Following are the crucial elements of promotional mix: Advertisement Advertisement strategies could be used for staying connected with its target audience as well as with the potential consumers. This could be done with the help of various advertisement campaigns and the sources such as advertisement through newspaper, magazines, pamphlets, board hoardings, and with the help of digital and internet sources. Along with these sources, companys official website could also be utilised. All these sources are effective enough to gain desired outcomes along with attaining the goals and the objectives of the organization (Kitchen Burgmann, 2010). Customer relationship Developing customer relationship is another crucial aspect for increasing the awareness amongst the target audience and it is also useful for retaining the customers for a long run. Providing additional discounts and unique offers to the frequent consumers of the hotel over the services of the hotel develops a positive and effective image (Sunday Bayode, 2011). There are certain another attributes such as direct marketing, sales promotion, personal selling and events. Along with this, organization could also utilise the available options such as advertisement of hotel through top rated websites like trivago, Qantas, and the like. Organization could also utilise the famous social media platforms like Facebook, instagram, and twitter (Khan, 2014). Competitive analysis Primary competitors of Crown Plaza Melbourne, Crown Plaza Melbourne, Melbourne metro pole central, Pan Pacific Melbourne, Best western plus Buckingham international, and the like. Novotel St Kilda could gain the competitive advantage it is situated at the beach end and this is the most attractive factor about this location which will help the travellers to experience the beautiful sea view from their rooms only. Along with the beachside hotel, another unique services provided by the hotel are rendering the services to make the travellers and guests refreshed and stress free (Chan Guillet, 2011). Apart from these factors, St Kilda is a beautiful location with pleasant weather conditions which makes the people feels relaxed and treasured. Management of the hotels have also adopted various strategies through which the guests will be served with unique entertainment facilities which would help the organization to uplift its performance as well as to fulfil its expectations in relevance with setting up an effective position in the target market (Zervas, Proserpio Byers, 2014). Budget allocation for the advertisement and promotional campaigns Social media: $45,000 Email marketing: $25,000 Other sources: $15,000 Television channels: $25, 00,000 Board Hoardings: $2, 00,000 Budget for events: $15, 00,000 Total $42, 85,000 Conclusion From the aforesaid discussion, it can be concluded that the effective marketing management and promotional plan includes various objectives and all of these are discussed in this report with the motive to expand the business of Novotel St Kilda Hotels business. This report includes research methods used for gathering the data, current value analysis for evaluating the needs and the value propositions of the consumers. Further, the report discuss about the marketing promotion plan with regards to enhance the demand of the hotels services in the target market. Along with this, target market, elements of promotional mix, and the budget allocation has been covered. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2015).Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Chan, N. L., Guillet, B. D. (2011). Investigation of social media marketing: how does the hotel industry in Hong Kong perform in marketing on social media websites?.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,28(4), 345-368. Clemes, M. D., Gan, C., Ren, M. (2011). Synthesizing the effects of service quality, value, and customer satisfaction on behavioral intentions in the motel industry: An empirical analysis.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,35(4), 530-568. Helm, R., Gritsch, S. (2014). Examining the influence of uncertainty on marketing mix strategy elements in emerging business to business export-markets.International Business Review,23(2), 418-428. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Kang, K. H., Stein, L., Heo, C. Y., Lee, S. (2012). Consumers willingness to pay for green initiatives of the hotel industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(2), 564-572. Khan, M. T. (2014). The concept of'marketing mix'and its elements (a conceptual review paper).International journal of information, business and management,6(2), 95. Kitchen, P. J., Burgmann, I. (2010).Integrated marketing communication. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Lee, N. R., Kotler, P. (2011).Social marketing: Influencing behaviors for good. Sage. Liamputtong, P. (2013).Qualitative research methods. Novotel Hotels Resorts. (2018). Accessed on 18th January 2018 from https://www.novotelmelbourne.com.au/ Powers, T. L., Loyka, J. J. (2010). Adaptation of marketing mix elements in international markets.Journal of global marketing,23(1), 65-79. Schroder, C. J., Mackaness, W. A., Gittings, B. M. (2011). Giving the rightroute directions: The requirements for pedestrian navigation systems.Transactions in GIS,15(3), 419-438. Shaw, G., Bailey, A., Williams, A. (2011). Aspects of service-dominant logic and its implications for tourism management: Examples from the hotel industry.Tourism Management,32(2), 207-214. Sunday, A., Bayode, B. (2011). Strategic influence of promotional mix on organisation sale turnover in the face of strong competitors.Business intelligence journal,4(2), 343-350. Tajeddini, K., Trueman, M. (2012). Managing Swiss Hospitality: How cultural antecedents of innovation and customer-oriented value systems can influence performance in the hotel industry.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(4), 1119-1129. Zervas, G., Proserpio, D., Byers, J. W. (2014). The rise of the sharing economy: Estimating the impact of Airbnb on the hotel industry.Journal of Marketing Research.

My Bucket list free essay sample

Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen. -Michael Jordan. This quote tells me that I have to work hard to achieve goals and dreams, so when I made a bucket list I didnt choose things that were simple and didnt mean anything to me, I chose the things that meant a lot to me, even if they were small. I want to do 52 things before I die, and I am going to share 8 of those things I will hopefully do before I kick the bucket. The first thing I want to do is milk a cow, after that I want to go farther up north in Alaska to see the Aurora Borealis. While still in Alaska, I will fly up to Adak on the Aleutian Chain. Then I want to go to the more western states and try to see a tornado. We will write a custom essay sample on My Bucket list or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another hair raising activity will be to go ghost hunting. Next, I want to start traveling again and go to Loch Ness Lake. After all my crazy new adventures I want to go back home and relax and get a manicure/pedicure. The final, and most sentimental, thing I want to share is donate money to cancer patients. I am going to tell you about the challenges, and what is the most I can get out of each of the eight items I am sharing. Have you ever tried milk straight from the cow? I haven’t so the first thing on my bucket list that I want to share is milk a cow. I know it sounds funny but it is something I have always wanted to do since my friend told me about it and said it tastes better than store bought milk. I don’t like the taste of store bought milk so I thought it would be a good idea to try it straight from the cow. I will probably do it in the next year or later because I am having difficulty in finding someone who owns a cow. I’m afraid of the cow kicking me while I milk it, and that might result in me chickening out. Another difficulty is that I might be allergic to the milk, or might even like less than the store bought kind. But if I like it I would probably tell all my friends about it. When I milk a cow I will make sure to bring my family, so they can see me do it and I can make them try it too, also so I don’t have to drink it alone. My ultimate goal is to see if I like it, get over my fear, and be able to tell people that I actually got to milk a cow. After being so close to a cow, who in my opinion aren’t very good looking, I want to go and see something spectacular. I will go see the Aurora Borealis, because I have wanted to since I was little. I have lived in Alaska for 14 years and I have never see the Aurora Borealis. Every picture I have seen of it I have loved; and I think it looks beautiful and want to experience it myself. Since at night in the winter is when you can see it, I would have to do it then. I wish to go see it with my family so we can all experience it together. My friends will probably be jealous when I show them all the pictures I will take. My ultimate goal of seeing the Aurora Borealis is seeing something I have always wanted to. One of the most important things I want to do before I die is go back to Adak, Alaska. When I was little I used to live there, and my parent’s friends always tell me stories about how I loved it so much but I cant remember. Some problems I hope I dont run into are not having enough money to get a plane ticket down there, or I cant find my old address, and possibly even not liking it as much as everyone tells me. There are a lot of eagles and hawks there, and my fear of birds might also make this experience challenging. I hope to go back soon and see my old house and grow closer to my family by bonding over old happy memories. On the Aleutian chain there’s no tornados and I have always wanted to see one, so that is what I will do next. I’ve seen a lot on television and my family watches The Wizard of Oz every year, and I wondered what it would be like to see it in real life, because we don’t get tornados here in Alaska. I think seeing something so powerful happening right in front of me will give me such an adrenaline rush and I like adrenaline rushes. I hope that when I see it Im far enough away the tornado does not suck me up. Im going to go alone so if something happens, everyone else is still safe. Im also afraid of not getting to the tornado soon enough and I wouldnt be able to see it. I would have to go to one of the dry inland states to see one and also go the time tornadoes occur the most. My ultimate goal is to see something new that doesnt happen here. Another thing only a few have experienced up close and personal are ghosts. I never really believed in ghosts and dont really believe other people when they tell about an out-of-body experience. So, after watching a few episodes of Ghost Hunters I decided, another thing I want to do before I die is go ghost hunting. Some challenges I could face are finding a place thats haunted, and staying there because I might get scared and leave. Im going to have to do it when Im older so I can rent the ghost hunting equipment. Im also going to bring my sisters, and my friends so Im not alone. The most I can get out of this experience is possibly proving myself wrong. The next thing is probably not as exciting as a ghost, but still something I have always wanted to do. It’s get a manicure/pedicure, because all my friends go get manicures all the time and I always love how their nails look after they come back from a salon. People will probably think Im a girly-girl for having it on my bucket list. The only reason I havent gotten one yet is because my family thinks its too expensive for something that will only last a little while. So when Im older and have my own money Im going to get one. After getting my nails done, which is something anybody can do, I want to experience something only a few people have, seeing the Loch Ness monster. I chose that because I believe in the Loch Ness Monster, and I am fascinated by unknown creatures that defy science. I watch a lot of t. v. shows about people seeing the Loch Ness Monster and I want to try and see it too. I also read some stories about people who thought they actually saw it. Things that might be difficult in my adventure are getting money for an airplane ticket, and actually seeing the Loch Ness Monster. I think some of my friends and family members might think I’m crazy for believing in the Loch Ness Monster and trying to see it. I would have to do it in the summer because I have school the other days of the year and I hope to go with in the next five years. I would also try and go the time sightings occur the most. The last thing I want to share about what I want to do before I die is donate money to cancer patients. I chose this because I never thought it was fair when they had to stay in the hospital during holidays and can’t do normal things with their friends. So I’m going to save up money to make them feel better. I would have to donate when I’m older so that I have enough time to save the money. The biggest challenge I think I would run into is not having enough money. The ultimate goal for this bucket list item is for myself to bring joy to other people, and to be proud of myself for trying to help others. I hope my bucket list inspires ideas of your own and encourages you to create one. All 8 of these items are once-in-a-lifetime and special to me, because they are things I would not do on a regular routine. I hope to do all of these before I kick the bucket.

Shaving Snow essays

Shaving Snow essays *HTML**FONT SIZE=3 PTSIZE=10* Often, two different stories have very much in common. Two authors with completely *BR* different styles often write very similar stories. Tobias Wolffs Powder and Leslie Norris *BR* Shaving have many similarities. They are comparable in their themes, plot and relationships.*BR* The best example of a theme that "Shaving" and "Powder" share, is that change is necessary *BR* for a more mature and happy life. In Shaving," Barry has a rite of passage that is forced upon him. *BR* Due to his dad's failing health, Barry has to shave him because he is too weak to do it himself. This rite *BR* of passage makes Barry a mature individual because not only does he learn to take care of his father, but he learns that he will *BR* be able to survive as the man of the household when his father is not there anymore. The author *BR* says about Barry, "Not long ago they had been small bare hands, not very long ago (123)." This helps *BR* the reader realize that the change is occuring as he reads. In Powder," the little boy started off *BR* as an obsessive neat freak who grew very nervous at any time in which something bad could *BR* happen. At the end of the story, the boy learned how to enjoy himself in the face of danger. *BR* He thinks to himself, " I knew we'd get caught; I was resigned to it. And maybe for this reason *BR* I stopped moping and began to enjoy myself. (304)" This change helps make the boy realize that he *BR* will have more fun in life if he is more daring. Because of similar themes, these two stories *BR* These two stories are very similar in their plot. Both stories have to do with a son*BR* spending time with his father. In Shaving, Barry spends time with his father*BR* when he helps him shave. Barry knows that there could be little time left in his*BR* ...

Post-occupancy evaluating of low income housing in the Kingdom of Dissertation

Post-occupancy evaluating of low income housing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - Dissertation Example 13 Pictures(3) Showsthe region of Ha’il, with the pleased of the project. 13 Pictures(4) Site plan of the Al-Ghazalah project 13 Pictures(5) Site plan of the Al-Ghazalah project 15 Pictures(6) Ground floor plan 15 Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Low Income Housing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Chapter 1 Introduction Housing demand is one of the most important issues and challenges that face developing and developed countries (Al-klyfh, 2009). These countries have tried to solve their housing demands with different policies. Some policies and proposals have met the needs of different levels of society. One of these economic classes is called the low income group that encompass some Saudi Arabian people with low annual income. To address the issue on housing income, the government tried to establish residential complexes, an introductory concept and still under trial. This paper will focus on low income housing post occupancy evaluation as the main issue. The housing policy will b e assessed using the post-occupancy evaluation method (POE). However, before investigating the Saudi Arabian policy, it is important to investigate the different international policies for low income housing. 1.1. International policies for low income housing Many institutions, international agencies and local communities around the world have for many years now addressed poverty, increase standards of living,as well as provide adequate shelter for the poor (United Nations Centre for Human Settlements, 1987).These UN programs were allocated in 155 countries and have established national centres that work directly with various local government agencies (Tiesdell, 2004). Important processes that have been followed are: a. Secure possession of the land. b. Provide public facilities and services. c. Finance low-cost housing d. Provision of construction materials. e. Community participation. f. Cooperation with the private sector and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) (Tiesdell, 2004) . A review of socio-economic policies indicates that there is a growing interest in the issue of housing for the poor by civil society organizations and governments of many countries. A limited review on Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom low cost housing will be included due to time constraints. 1.1.1. Affordable Housing in the UK Housing policies in Britain has local planning authorities mandate developers of housing projects to provide a certain percentage of affordable housing for low income groups (Tiesdell, 2004). The two aims are as follows: a. Social: sustain a mixed community in terms of income and social level and reduce illegal settlements that lack basic services b. Economic: shoulder part of the burden of financing in order to allow beneficiaries provided with lower prices than the market price or rent housing (social security) at less than the prevailing costs. UK housing, however, did not meet stated objectives, such as acceptance from high-income and middle classes due to preference

Financial Analysis of Granite Construction Industry Plc Essay

Financial Analysis of Granite Construction Industry Plc - Essay Example (Penman, 2003). In addition, investors consult investment analysts who provide an almost endless stream of information and recommendations to sort out. There are often claims that some shares are undervalued and vice versa. (Penman, 2003). This information at times becomes confusing leaving the investor with no clear indication of what the true prices of stocks should be. (Penman, 2003). Under such circumstances, the investor is forced to make the investment decision following his/her instinct or based on the information provided by the market. (Penman, 2003, Kaplan & Norton 1992, 1993). Investors who make the decision based on instinct are referred to as intuitive investors while those who make investment decisions based on capital market efficiency are referred to as passive investors. (Penman, 2003). Passive investors carry out their investment decisions based on the assumption that the market price is a fair price for the risk taken, that is, that market forces have driven the price to the appropriate point. (Penman, 2003). These investment mechanisms appear to be very simple, as they do not require much effort. (Penman, 2003: pp 3). However, both investors run risks that are even more than the risks of the firms they are investing in since they can either pay too much or sell for less and as a result suffer a decrease in returns on their investments. (Penman, 2003). According to Penman (2003), the intuitive investor has the problem of the intuitive bridge builder: "one may be pleased with one's intuition but, before building gets underway, it might pay to check that intuition against the calculations prescribed by modern engineering as not doing so, may lead to disaster". (Penman, 2003: pp 3). The passive investor runs the risks of either paying too much or selling for less should stocks be mispriced. (Penman, 2003). Although economic and modern finance theory (Bodie et al, 2002; Penman, 2003) predict that capital markets are perfect it is good practice to check before taking action. (Penman, 2003). Therefore, both the passive and intuitive investor run the risk of trading with someone who has done his homework well, that is, someone who has analysed the information thoroughly. (Penman, 2003). This study is aimed at carrying out financial analyses of Granite Construction Plc with particular focus on the liquidity, profitability and solvency ratio so as to gain a reasonable basis for providing recommendations to investors and suppliers on whether to invest or continue business for the company, and finally see the various methods through which the company access the capital market. Having said this,

The role of ghrelins Essay Example for Free

The role of ghrelins Essay Ghrelin is a general name for a class of hormones found in the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates. It is a preprohormone containing a chain of 28 amino acid peptides. During synthesis, a modification arises whereas n-octanoic acid is bound to one of its amino acids. This makes it capable of playing its biological role. Ghrelins are synthesized at the fundus lining the stomach. It is primarily produced by epithelial cells lining the fundus. However, smaller amounts have also been detected in the kidneys, placenta, hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. (Brown, 2006) The ghrelin receptor was known before the discovery of ghrelin. It is located in the anterior pituitary and stimulates secretion of growth hormone when activated. It was named GHS-R or growth hormone secretagoue receptor. In 1999, Kojima et al. announced that they have discovered the natural ligand for GHS-R.   They named it ghrelin, deriving it form the word â€Å"ghre† which means grow in Proto-Indo-European languages. They obtained it from rat stomach and investigated its role in pituitary growth hormone and energy homeostasis functions. (Kojima Kangawa, 2004) Roles of ghrelin Ghrelin is the ligand of GHS-r. Its signal together with that of semostatin and other growth hormone inducers control the timing as well as the magnitude of growth hormone excretion. It is suggested that the stomach releases ghrelin into the bloodstream, where it is conveyed to the potiuitary gland, triggering the release of growth hormone. Kanagawa et al. found significant amounts of ghrelin in healthy people.(Kojima et al., 1999) In 2000, Ezio Ghigo et al. discovered that ghrelin injections led to prolonged increase of growth hormone concentrations in the blood. (Dickson, 1999)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ghrelin   also seems to stimulate appetite. Lab tests in rats show ann increase in body weight after ghrelin injections. This effect is independent of ghrelin’s role in GH stimulation. In people, a popular side effect of taking ghrelin containing drugs was the sensation of intense hunger. About 80% of test participants in a study to test ghrelins growth hormone functions also suffered an increase of appetite. It was found that ghrelin concentration in the blood increases as a person grows hungry and decreases as that person’s hunger is sated.   Another study showed that people injected with ghrelin before meals increased their food intake by 30%. (Cummings et al., 2002) Another study also showed that resting   ghrelin levels rise as net body weight decreases and returns once a set point is reached. This means that the body regulates ghrelin levels based on a specific body weight attainment, making you hungrier as you lose more weight. Persons with anorexia nervosa, a disorder in which people starve themselves show extremely high amounts of ghrelin. But it seems in their cases, their body does not listen. (Travis, 2002)The increase of ghrelins is also related to time as discovered by Yildiz et al. An increase in ghrelin was noted between midnight to dawn, mhowever, hunger is suppressed by other hormones, making it easier to fall asleep and eat in the morning after.(Yildiz, Suchard, Wong, McCann, Licinio, 2004)Alos, lack of sleep particularly in obese persons lead to production of ghrelin and less production of leptin, the hormone which suppresses appetite. Ghrelin levels also decrease dramatically with the conduction of gastric bypass surgery. Animal research has also discovered that ghrelin may enhance memory and learning as it enters the hippocampus via the bloodstream. High ghrelin levels, particularly before meals when the stomach is empty may be the time most conducive to learning. (Philips, 2006) REFERENCES Brown, R. (2006). Ghrelin.  Ã‚   Retrieved March 11, 2007, from http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/gi/ghrelin.html Cummings, D., Weigle, D., Frayo, R., Breen, P., Ma, M., Dellinger, E., et al. (2002). Plasma Ghrelin Levels after Diet-Induced Weight Loss or Gastric Bypass Surgery. New England Journal of Medicine(346), 1623-1630. Dickson, S. L. (1999). Ghrelin: A newly discovered hormone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Electronic Version]. British Society for Neuroenterology from http://neuroendo.org.uk/index.php/content/view/26/11/. Kojima, M., Hosoda, H., Date, Y., Nakazato, M., Matsuo, H., Kangawa, K. (1999). Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 402, 656-660 (402), 656-660. Kojima, M., Kangawa, K. (2004). Ghrelin: Structure and Function   [Electronic Version]. Physiological Review, 85, 495-522. Retrieved March 11 2007. Philips, M. L. (2006). Hunger hormone tied to learning [Electronic Version]. The Scientist. Retrieved March 11 2007 from http://www.the-scientist.com/news/display/23132/. Travis, J. (2002). The Hunger Hormone? [Electronic Version]. Science News Online, 161, 107. Retrieved March 11 2007 from http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020216/bob10.asp. Yildiz, B. O., Suchard, M. A., Wong, M.-L., McCann, S. M., Licinio, J. (2004). Alterations in the dynamics of circulating ghrelin, adiponectin, and leptin in human obesity [Electronic Version]. Medical Sciences. Retrieved March 11 2007 from http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=478601.

Baldwins Writing Style in Notes to a Native Son Essay -- James Baldwi

Father and Son: Bad to Regrettable James Baldwin is known to be one of the best essay writers in the twentieth century who wrote on a few topics including race, discrimination, sexuality and most of all his personal experiences. In â€Å"Notes of a Native Son†, he uses two main strategies to get his point across. First, he likes to tell a story in a narrative view. Following is normally his analysis of the event. He describes the event and then gives his theory on the matter. By doing this, he grants the reader a chance to decipher the meaning. His interpretation may not be what the reader’s is. He likes to argue and provides the basis for his argument in â€Å"Notes of a Native Son†. Throughout the essay he talks about himself and his father, their relationship and how their interactions influence his final feelings toward his father. He also integrates public incidents during those times into the essay. This method presents the reader with an opportunity to understand the race issue at that tim e. This essay is about part of his life. In the beginning he starts with his father’s death. It was coincidental that the funeral was on his Baldwin’s nineteenth birthday. Mr. Baldwin, his father, and his wife conceived a child near the end of his life. This child was born a few hours after his death. Here Baldwin presents a binary of life and death, along with other examples, that he executes throughout the essay. In retrospection, he perceives his father’s death as a time of sadness and regrets not having a healthier rapport with him and he mentions that his siblings are happy that their father will never come home again. He tells us about the race riots in Detroit and New Jersey and criticizes afterwards. These happenings show the influen... ...art. Baldwin does this using his own personal experiences and tying them into the greater picture of society. All the stories he has expressed in â€Å"Notes of a Native Son† can be paralleled with what was going on during that period. He even explained the riots in that sense for the reader. In the first paragraph he states that they drove his father to the cemetery over smashed plate glass (63). This was a result of the hatred and despair felt by the rioters. This visual is a representation of the hatred that had helped to kill his father. The abhorrence that played a role in the death of his father, he feared would do the same to him. The end of the essay shows Baldwin letting go of this hatred and despair. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Notes of a Native Son.† 1995. James Baldwin: Collected Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York: Library of America, 1998. 63-84.

Prescription Drug Abuse Essay

Millions of people throughout the world are taking drugs on a daily basis. If you were to ask someone why they take prescription drugs, most people would be taking them for the right reason. However, it’s estimated that twenty percent of people in the United States alone have used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons.1 Prescription drug abuse is a serious and growing problem that often goes unnoticed. Abusing these drugs can often lead to addiction and even death. You can develop an addiction to certain drugs that may include: narcotic painkillers, sedatives, tranquilizers, and stimulants. Prescription drugs are the most common abused category of drugs, right next to marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and other dangerous drugs. The centers for Disease Control and Prevention have classified prescription drug abuse as an epidemic. Addressing the prescription drug abuse epidemic could help build stronger communities and allow those with substance abuse disorders to lead healthier, more satisfying lives. A crucial step in overcoming the problem of prescription drug abuse is to first educate parents, youth, and patients, about the dangers of abusing these drugs. Studies have shown that most people who misuse these drugs are teens and young adults ages twelve to twenty five. They may often believe these substances are safer than illicit drugs because they were prescribed by a professional. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health shows that nearly a third of people age twelve and over used drugs for the first time by using a prescription drug non-medically. In a study of students in Wisconsin and Minnesota, thirty four percent of kids diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) said they had been approached to sell or trade their Ritalin or Adderall. The latest National Survey on Drug Use and Health shows that over seventy percent of people who abused prescription pain relievers got them from friends or relatives. Most people do not lock up their medication or discard them when they no longer intend on using them. This makes them vulnerable to theft or misuse. According to the 2012 Monitoring the Future Survey, about fifty percent of high school seniors said that opioid drugs, other than heroin (e.g., Vicodin), would be fairly easy to obtain. Interestingly, boys and girls tend to misuse these drugs for different reasons. For example, boys are more likely to abuse stimulants  to get high. Girls tend to abuse them to lose weight. Those who abuse prescription medications are more likely to report use of other drugs unl ess this issue is taken into control. Many different things can happen when you abuse prescription drugs. Stimulant abuse can cause paranoia, dangerously high body temperatures, and irregular heartbeat. Abuse of opioids can cause drowsiness, nausea, constipation, and slowed breathing. Abusing depressants can cause slurred speech, shallow breathing, fatigue, disorientation, lack of coordination, and seizures. Abusing over the counter drugs can impair motor functions, produce numbness, cause nausea and vomiting, and increase heart rate.4 Doctors consider the risks to each patient before prescribing medications. They take into account things like the patient’s age, weight, medical history, the drugs form, dose, possible side effects, and the potential for addiction. People abusing drugs might not understand how these factors interact and can put them at risk. Someone abusing a certain type of medication may overload their system or make themselves vulnerable to dangerous drug interactions that can cause seizures, coma, or even death. In 2000, about forty three percent of hospital emergency admissions for drug overdose happened because of misused prescription drugs. They are designed to treat a particular illness or condition, but they often have other side effects on the body. For example, stimulants such as Adderall increase attention but also raise blood pressure and heart rate. Th ese side effects can be worse when prescriptions are not taken as prescribed, or are abused in combination with other substances. For instance, some people mix alcohol and Valium, both of which can slow breathing. The combination of the two could stop breathing altogether. Cough and cold medications are some of the most commonly abused over the counter medications. They contain an ingredient called dextromethorphan. However, to get to the â€Å"high† craved by people who use drugs, large quantities are needed. At high doses, dextromethorphan causes side effects similar to those of the drugs Ketamine, or PCP, by affecting similar sites to the brain. Ketamine and PCP are considered â€Å"dissociative† drugs, which make people feel disconnected from their normal selves. When taken as directed, over the counter drugs are safe and effective, but high doses can cause problems. It’s always important to read the bottle labels and take over the counter medications only as directed. Not all prescription drugs have the potential for abuse and  addiction. Many drugs don’t even act in the brain. For example, antibiotics are not addictive. On the rare occasion people who take drugs for medical conditions may become addicted. This is why it is extremely important to be under a doctor’s care while taking prescription medication. Most prescription drugs are taken in a form th at gets to the brain slowly at a dose that treats a problem, but doesn’t overwhelm the system. Both of which reduce the likelihood of an addiction. Long-term medical use of prescription drugs can lead to physical dependence, because the brain and the body naturally adapt to chronic drug exposure. A person may need larger doses of the drug to achieve the same initial effects, which is known as tolerance. When drug use is stopped, withdrawal symptoms can occur. Dependence is not the same as addiction. It is one of the many reasons a person should only take and stop taking prescription drugs under a physician’s care. The risks for addiction increase when drugs are used in ways other than prescribed. Physicians, their patients, and pharmacists all play a role in identifying and preventing prescription drug abuse. More than eighty percent of Americans had contact with a healthcare professional in the past year, placing doctors in a position not only to prescribe medications, but also to identify abuse. By asking about all drugs, physicians can help their patients recognize that a problem exists, set recovery goals, and seek appropriate treatment. Screening for prescription drug abuse can also be incorporated into routine medical visits. Doctors should take note of rapid inc reases in the amount of medication needed and unscheduled refill requests. Patients can also take steps to ensure that they use prescription drugs appropriately. These steps include always following the drugs directions, being aware of potential interactions with other drugs, never stop or change a dosing regimen without first discussing it with a healthcare provider, and never use another person’s prescription. Patients should always inform their healthcare professionals about all prescriptions, over the counter medications, and dietary or herbal supplements they are taking before they obtain any other medication. Pharmacists also play a very important role in preventing drug abuse. Pharmacists dispense medications and can help patients understand the directions for taking them. By being watchful for prescription falsifications or alterations, pharmacists can serve as the first line of defense in recognizing  prescription drug abuse. Some pharmacies have developed hotlines to alert other pharmacies in the region when a fraudulent prescription is detected. Prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) require physicians and pharmacists to log each filled prescription into a State database. This can assist medical professionals in identifying patients who are getting prescriptions from multiple sources. Because prescription drugs are legal, they are easily accessible. Parents, law enforcement, the medical community, and all levels of government have a role to play in reducing prescription drug abuse. Some things you can do to reduce the abuse of drugs may include: Follow disposal guidelines, talk to your children, and seek treatment or support individuals in recovery. By following the guidelines you reduce the risk of unintentional diversion or harm. Talking to your children at an early age can make sure they know the dangers of drug abuse and can be very helpful in prevention. It is always very important to encourage someone you may know with a drug abuse problem to seek recovery. Thousands of individuals who have struggled with addiction are now living happy lives with the help of treatment and recovery services.2 In conclusion, prescription drug abuse is a growing problem that can be overcome with prevention and the right treatment. References 1. Prescription Drug Abuse. Medline Plus. Available at: www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/prescriptiondrugabuse.html Accessed 9/20/2013 2. Prescription Drug Abuse. Office of National Drug Control Policy. Available at: www.whitehouse.gov/andcp/prescription-drug-abuse Accessed 9/20/2013 3. Prescription Drug Abuse and Addiction. CRC Health Group. Available at: www.crchealth.com/addiction/prescription-drug-addictions-2/ Accessed 9/20/2013 4. Drug Facts-Prescription Drugs. NIDA For Teens. The Science behind Drug Abuse. Available at: www.teens.drugabuse.gov/drug-facts/prescription-drugs Accessed 9/20/2013 5. Prescription Drugs: Abuse and Addiction. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Available at: www.drugabuse.gov/publications/prescription-drugs-abuse-addiction/preventing-recognizing-prescription-drug-abuse Accessed 9/20/2013 6. The Prescription Drug Abuse Epidemic. PDMP Center of Excellence. Available at: www.pdmpexcellence.org/drug-abuse-epidemic Accessed 9/20/2013

Questions On Information Security And Protection Essay

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